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Typically, these effects only last a few minutes into waking but have been reported to persist for as long as four hours.
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Whether you’re an early bird, night owl, shift worker or anything in between and want to be at your best throughout the day, it’s best to train yourself not to use any sort of alarm at all (a hard task, and very likely to result in you waking up later than you’d like to begin with). In isolated cases, this has led to reactions like seizures and irregular heartbeat but, for most of us, the reaction is not that extreme. This solution has been employed for hundreds, if not thousands of years to bring ourselves into wakefulness.
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Most people will use a sound-based alarm to shock themselves out of sleep. Creating a technique in humans to fine-tune norepinephrine oscillations as we sleep “might provide a powerful therapeutic tool in promoting the memory-enhancing segments of sleep,” the researchers write.If you’ve ever felt groggy, weak, unable to concentrate and generally “a little off” after waking up, it might just be time to consider how you wake up. Though mice studies rarely translate perfectly to humans, the researchers think that theirs should as similar biological sleep mechanisms are observed among mammals. Indeed, when the researchers artificially reduced the amplitude of norepinephrine’s oscillation in mice’s sleeping brains, either through genetic engineering or pharmaceuticals, they found that the mice performed worse on memory tests compared to unaltered controls. “You could say that the short awakenings reset the brain so that it is ready to store memory when you dive back into sleep,” Maiken Nedergaard, a Professor of Glial Cell Biology at the University of Copenhagen, speculated.
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Furthermore, the researchers noticed that when norepinephrine’s oscillation had a greater amplitude - meaning a larger disparity between peak levels of the hormone and the lowest levels - it led to more complete awakenings but also increased the frequency of sleep spindles, brain wave patterns experienced during sleep associated with learning and memory processing.